Ibhegi yokupakisha ibuyiselangeBOPA//LDPE isakhiwo sisetyenziswa kakhulu ekupakishweni kweepikha kunye namahlumela e-bamboo.Iingxowa ezibilisiweyo ze-BOPA//LDPE zinemfuno eziphezulu zesalathiso sobugcisa.Nangona isikali esithile samashishini eebhegi ezithambileyo anokwenza iingxowa ezibilisiweyo, umgangatho nawo awulingani, kwaye ezinye ziya kuba nomgangatho webhetshi ngaphezulu.umbuzo.Apha, eli phepha lihlalutya amanqaku aphambili kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-BOPA//LDPE iingxowa ezibilisiwe.
A. Ukukhethwa kwezinto
1. Ukukhethwa kwefilimu yeBOPA
①Into eyenzeka ngesaphetha yefilimu enayiloni
Ifilimu ye-BOPA inokuveliswa ngendlela yokwelula ifilimu ye-tubula okanye nge-plane biaxial stretching method.Iifilimu zenayiloni ezijoliswe kwi-Biaxially eziveliswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zineempembelelo zesaphetha ezahlukeneyo, ezinempembelelo enkulu ekuchanekeni okugqithisiweyo kwefilimu kunye nokukhanya kwesikhwama sokupakisha (kubandakanywa nokubonakala kwendawo yesikhwama ngaphambi nangemva kokubilisa).
Indlela ekhethekileyo yokufumanisa umphumo wokugoba wefilimu yenayiloni kukulinganisa ukucutha kwe-thermal ye-diagonal.Sinokuphinda sivavanye izinga lokuncipha kobushushu obumanzi befilimu yenayiloni ngokweemeko zokusetyenziswa kwengxowa ebilisiwe (ezifana ne-100 ℃, 30min).Umncinci umehluko phakathi kweqondo lokunciphisa ukushisa kwediagonal, ngcono ibhalansi yemveliso;I-1.5%, akuyi kubakho i-angle yokurping ngexesha lokwenziwa kwengxowa.
② Iintlobo zobonelelo kwimarike
Ifilimu ye-BOPA yahlulwe yaba ziindidi ezimbini: ibakala lokuprinta kunye nebakala elihlanganisiweyo.Ibakala lokuprinta lingasetyenziselwa ukuprinta kunye neenkqubo ezidibeneyo.Ibakala elihlanganisiweyo licetyiswa kuphela kwiinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo ezingadingi kushicilelwa.Ubukhulu ngokuqhelekileyo yi-12μm, 15μm, 25μm iinkcukacha ezimbini.I-15μm yokupakishwa okuguquguqukayo kwefilimu ehlanganisiweyo, i-25μm ye-aluminiyam epholileyo yokupakisha i-pharmaceutical packaging.Ifilimu ye-corona enamacala amabini kufuneka isetyenziswe xa isetyenziselwa ukunyuswa kwe-interlayer kunye neenjongo zokubilisa nokupheka.
③Iimfuno zomgangatho ongundoqo wefilimu yeBOPA
a.Ukuba imfuno ye-flatness iphezulu, ifilimu ye-synchronously yoluliwe kunye nefuthe elincinci lesaphetha kufuneka likhethwe.
b.Uxinzelelo lomphezulu wefilimu ngu-≥50mN / m ukuqinisekisa ukunamathela ngokukhawuleza kwe-inki.Ixabiso lokucubungula alilona likhulu ngcono.
c.Khetha ifilimu enokuziqhelanisa kakuhle nokufuma kwesalamane ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokushicilela.
d.Khetha uhlobo lwefilimu kunye nesantya esincinci sokuncipha kwe-thermal (izinga lobushushu obumanzi).
2. Ukukhethwa komgangatho wokutywina ubushushu PE
Umahluko phakathi kwengxowa ebilisiweyo ye-PE kunye ne-PE eqhelekileyo: ① amandla angcono okutywinwa kobushushu;② ukutywinwa kakuhle kobushushu bokufakwa;→ umgangatho wokutywinwa kobushushu obuzinzileyo;⑤ Ukungafihli kakuhle, akukho mikhondo icacileyo yamanzi;⑥ Akukho mehlo entlanzi, ukungcola, iindawo zekristale ezichaphazela ukusetyenziswa → Amaqamza enkangeleko, okanye nokugqobhoza ifilimu yePA → Kwehlile ukusebenza komqobo, okanye kwavela ukuvuza kwe-oyile.Iimpawu zokuqala ezintathu zekhwalithi zichongwa ngokukodwa ngokuqulunqwa kwe-pellet yoluhlu ngalunye lwefilimu ye-PE ngexesha lokubumba.
3. Ukukhethwa kwe-inki yokushicilela
Ii-inki ezikhethekileyo zePolyurethane zidla ngokusetyenziselwa ushicilelo lwefilimu enayiloni: ① I-benzene-free kunye ne-ketone-free series;② I-Benzene-free kunye ne-ketone-free series.
Xa ukhetha ii-inki zokuprinta, qaphela:
①Ukhetho lokuchasa kwiimodeli zemibala, ezinje nge-F1200 ebomvu, i-1500 ebomvu, i-F1150 ebomvu, i-F2610 ebomvu yegolide, i-orenji ye-F3700, i-F4700 ephakathi emthubi kunye neminye imibala ye-inki ye-polyurethane, kubonisiwe kwincwadana ukuba ayinakusetyenziselwa iBOPA. / PE Ukuprintwa kwefilimu ebilisiweyo yesakhiwo, eminye imibala ayixhathisi ukubiliswa, kunye nempahla yombala kulula ukuyikhupha xa amanzi ebilisiwe.
②I-inki yegolide neyesilivere kufuneka isetyenziswe ngobunono.Kwi-inki yegolide nesilivere, umzi-mveliso we-inki awucebisi ukuba uyisebenzise ngeenjongo zokubilisa kwimiyalelo, kodwa ezinye iingxowa zokupakisha ezibilisiwe kwiimarike zisebenzisa imibala yegolide neyesilivere.Umkhuba jikelele kukudibana nomzi-mveliso we-inki kuyilo lwefomula phambi kokufakwa kwesicelo, kwaye kananjalo Qaphela ukuba ungashicileli kwiibhloko ezinkulu zemibala.
③ Ifilim yenayiloni kufuneka ibene-inki encamatheleyo encamathele kakuhle, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukomelela kokugqibela kwexolo le-inki.
4. Ukukhethwa kwe-adhesive
Khetha i-adhesive enokumelana nokubilisa, kwaye uqinisekise iqondo lokudibanisa kunye nokunyanga emva kokudibanisa.Ukongezelela, iglue elidala kufuneka lisetyenziswe ngokuqaphela (ngokubanzi kufuneka ligwenywe), kuba umlinganiselo osebenzayo we-arhente ephambili kunye neqela le-agent ephilisayo kwisisombululo seglue liye lalinganisa ngexesha lokubekwa kweglue elidala, kunye neglue. umaleko utyekele kwisenzeko esomileyo.
5. Iimfuno zomgangatho we-ethyl acetate
Amanzi kunye ne-alcohols kwi-ethyl acetate (kungekhona kuphela i-ethanol, kodwa kunye nomxholo we-methanol kunye ne-isopropanol kufuneka ilawulwe) iya kusabela kunye ne-agent ephilisayo kwiglue, kwaye i-agent ephilisayo iya kutshatyalaliswa, okubangelwa yinto yokuba i-glue layer. ayomi.Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokushwabana kwe-rubber layer of the bag.
B. Inkqubo yoshicilelo lweGravure
1. Ukukhethwa kweemodeli ezithile ze-inki
Iveliswa ngokohlobo lwe-inki oluchazwe yinkqubo.Umzekelo, ezinye ii-inki zeminye imibala azifanelekanga kwi-BOPA//PE yoshicilelo.
2. Xa i-inki endala iphinda isetyenziswe, kuyimfuneko yokongeza ngaphezu kwe-50% ye-inki entsha, kwaye i-inki eyonakeleyo ayiyi kusetyenziswa.
3. Xa kuyimfuneko, inxalenye ethile ye-ejenti yokunyanga inokongezwa kwi-inki emhlophe
Kukho iinjongo ezimbini zokongeza umlinganiselo othile we-ejenti yokunyanga kwi-inki emhlophe: enye kukuphucula ukuxhathisa ubushushu be-inki;enye kukuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-arhente yokunyanga ngamaqela e-resin kwi-inki kwaye ugweme ukunyangwa okungaphelelanga kwe-adhesive layer ehlotyeni.
Indlela yokongeza: Nciphisa ngesinyibilikisi kuqala, wongeze kwi-inki ngelixa ushukumisa kancinane de idityaniswe ngokulinganayo.
Indlela engalunganga: yongeza ngokuthe ngqo i-ejenti yokunyanga kwi-inki, okanye uyifake kwi-tray ye-inki, engayi kuxuba ngokufanayo, kodwa ayiyi kufezekisa umphumo wokongeza i-agent yokunyanga.
Ukongeza, nikela ingqalelo kwixesha elifanelekileyo: ixesha elilixesha liziiyure ezili-12, kwaye i-arhente yokunyanga i-inki yasebusuku iphelelwe lixesha, okanye isixa esithile se-ejenti yokunyanga kufuneka yongezwe kwakhona.
4. Ulawulo lobungqina bokufuma kwinwebu yenayiloni
Inayiloni ifunxa ukufuma, kwaye ithanda ukuba neeruffles, iincam ezithambekileyo, imigca, imibala enzima, kunye nokubhaliswa kombala okungachanekanga ngexesha lokushicilela.
Xa kushicilelwa, kungcono ukulawula ubushushu kunye nokufuma kweworkshop yemveliso.Xa ukufuma kocweyo lwemveliso kudlula i-80%, ifilim yenayiloni kulula ukufunxa ukufuma nokunyuka, okubangela uthotho lweengxaki zomgangatho wemveliso yoshicilelo.
Ngokukodwa, nikela ingqalelo kule miba ilandelayo: ① Musa ukuyivula kwangoko kakhulu ipakethe phambi kokuba uyisebenzise.② Zama ukuyisebenzisa ngexesha elinye, kwaye usonge ifilimu eseleyo ngempahla eneempawu ezintle zomqobo.③ Xa kushicilelwa, iqela lokuqala lombala alikho kwirola yepleyiti, kwaye yomiswe kwangaphambili.④ Qinisekisa ubushushu obufanelekileyo (25℃±2℃) kunye nokufuma (≤80%RH) kwiworkshop yemveliso.⑤ Ifilim yenayiloni eprintiweyo kufuneka ipakishwe ngefilim engqina ukufuma.
C. Inkqubo edibeneyo eyomileyo
1. Ukukhethwa kwesixa seglue
Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-gluing: 2.8 ~ 3.2gsm, isixa segluing esigqithisileyo asinayo intsingiselo kumandla okucoca, kodwa kwandisa umthwalo wokumisa.Kwizixhobo ezihlanganisiweyo ezinomthamo onganeleyo wokomisa, kuya kwandisa amathuba okuba i-delamination kunye nokuqhekeka kwengxowa emva kokupheka.
Xa ufumanisa isixa seglue, hlawula ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekutshintsheni komxholo wamanzi ngaphambi nangemva kokuba ifilimu ye-nylon idlule kwi-tunnel yokomisa, echaphazela ukuchaneka kokufumanisa inani leglue!
Xa sivelisa iingxowa ezibilisiwe, akufanele sijonge kuphela ubungakanani beglue, kodwa siphinde sinikele ingqalelo kwi-microscopic uniformity of adhesive coating.Iiparameters ze-mesh roller ziya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukufana kwe-microscopic ye-adhesive coating.
2. Iimfuno zokufuma ze-ethyl acetate
Umgangatho ongafanelekanga we-ethyl acetate (njengokufuma okugqithisileyo kunye notywala) kaninzi kukhokelela ekushwabaneni kweengozi zomgangatho weembrane ezidibeneyo.
Isiqulatho sotywala kwi-ethyl acetate kaninzi asitsali ngqalelo yamashishini okupakisha aguqukayo.Idatha yovavanyo lwe-ethyl ester (i-barrel solvent) yeshishini lokupakisha eliguquguqukayo lifumene ukuba imveliso enye kuphela ephezulu kunye neemveliso ezimbini zodidi lokuqala kwiibhetshi ezili-14.Umgangatho uphantsi, kwaye umzi-mveliso wepakethe ethambileyo kufuneka unikele ingqalelo.
3. Qinisekisa ukuba i-adhesive yome ngokupheleleyo
Ngokuqhelekileyo sinikela ingqalelo kuphela kwisixa seglue edibeneyo.Enyanisweni, ukomisa okungonelanga kudla ngokuba yimbangela ethe ngqo yokunyangwa okungaphelelanga kwe-adhesive (ukunganyangeki kobushushu bokunganyangeki kwe-adhesive layer), i-delamination kunye nokushwabana kwengxowa yokupakisha xa ibilisiwe.Kukho ukungcola okuncinci kwamanzi kunye notywala kwi-glue elungiselelwe.Ukomisa okulungileyo kunokwenza ukufuma kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kuluhlu lweglue luguquguquke ngokusemandleni, kwaye lunciphise ukusetyenziswa kwe-arhente yokunyanga kwi-glue layer.Ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-adhesive yomile ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lokudibanisa okomileyo, nikela ingqalelo kula manqaku alandelayo:
(1) Ukomisa ukusebenza kwesixhobo ngokwaso, njengokuthatha umoya kunye nomthamo wokukhupha izixhobo, kunye nobude be-oven.
(2) Ukusetha iqondo lokushisa.
① Ukusetwa kweqondo lobushushu kwindawo yokuqala.Ukuxinwa kwe-ethyl ester yendawo yokumisa kwindawo yokuqala iyona iphezulu, ngoko ke ukushisa okumisa kwendawo yokuqala akukwazi ukusetwa kakhulu (ngokubanzi akukho ngaphezu kwama-65 ° C).Ngenxa yokuba iqondo lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, i-solvent kwi-surface ye-adhesive layer i-volatilizes ngokukhawuleza kwaye i-skinning inqanda ukuphunyuka kwe-solvent yangaphakathi ye-solvent kwicandelo lokumisa leendawo zokugqibela.
②Ukumisa iqondo lobushushu ukuseta.Ukushisa kwe-oven kufuneka kubekwe ngokomthetho wokunyuka ngokuthe ngcembe kwi-gradient, injongo kukukhawulezisa ukusabalalisa kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-adhesive layer solvent kwindawo yokuqina kunye nendawo yokukhutshwa kwevumba, kunye nokunciphisa intsalela ye-solvent kwifilimu.
(3) Ukulungelelaniswa kokungena kunye nokukhupha umthamo womoya.
① Kwindawo yokuphuphuma kwenkqubo yokomisa, i-valve yokungena kunye nokukhupha umoya womoya kufuneka ivulwe iye phezulu, kwaye ivalve yomoya yokubuya kufuneka ivalwe.
②Kwindawo eyomileyo yokuqina kunye nendawo yokuphelisa ivumba, umthamo womoya obuyayo unokunyuswa ngokufanelekileyo, onokugcina ukusetyenziswa kwamandla athile.
4. Impembelelo yeqondo lokushisa kunye nokufuma
Ixesha lobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma okuphezulu ehlotyeni lixesha lokwenzeka rhoqo kweengozi zomgangatho wecandelo elincamathelayo eline-polyurethane elincamathelayo elinenkqubo eyomileyo yomaleko wokuncamathelisa.Ngokutsho kwefektri enamathelayo, i-95% yempendulo esemgangathweni efunyenwe ehlotyeni ayihambelani ne-adhesive layer.ezinxulumene.Ngaphantsi kwemekobume yobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma okuphezulu, umxholo wamanzi emoyeni uphezulu kakhulu, kwaye kulula ukungena kwi-tray yeglue ngokusebenzisa i-volatilization ye-acetic acid ukuze idle i-arhente yokunyanga, ukwenzela ukuba umlinganiselo we-arhente eyintloko ye-acetic acid. i-adhesive kunye ne-agent ephilisayo ayilingani, okubangela ukuba i-adhesive emva kokunyanga i-compound.Umaleko wokuwela kunye nokunyanga akuphelelanga, kwaye i-delamination kunye nemibimbi ibonakala xa ibilisiwe emanzini.
Iinkampani zokupakisha eziguquguqukayo ezingenayo iimeko zokulawula ubushushu kunye nokufuma kweworkshop kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo la manqaku alandelayo ehlotyeni lobushushu obuphezulu kunye nexesha lokufuma okuphezulu:
①Ngokubona iqondo lobushushu kunye nokufuma kunye neqondo lobushushu ngaphezu kwetreyi yeplastiki kunye nomphanda wokunyibilikisa, into ethi "indawo yombethe" inokuphetshwa.Emva kokuba "i-dew point" isenzeka, kuthetha ukuba ubuninzi bomswakama emoyeni bungena kwi-tray yeplastiki, kwaye kulula kakhulu ukuba umaleko werabha wome.
②Iingxowa ezibilisiweyo kufuneka zithintele amaxesha okufuma okuphezulu ukulungiselela ukusetyenzwa kwekhompawundi ngexesha lamalungiselelo emveliso.
③Ibhakethi ye-ethyl acetate kunye ne-emele yokujikeleza yeglu esetyenziselwa ukudibanisa kufuneka igqunywe kwaye itywinwe.Ukuba i-tray ye-semi-closed yeplastiki isetyenzisiweyo, impembelelo yokufuma kwendalo inokuncitshiswa ngakumbi.
5. Iimfuno zenkqubo yokuvuthwa
Iimeko zokuguga ngokubanzi: ubushushu 50 ~ 55 ℃, iiyure ezingama-48.
Ukongeza, qwalasela ukufana kokuphiliswa kwayo yonke ifilimu: ① nokuba iqondo lobushushu elibonisiweyo liyahambelana nelona qondo lobushushu kufutshane nomqulu wefilimu (iqondo lokwenyani lobushushu bamacala aphezulu, asezantsi, asekhohlo nasekunene efilim. umqulu);② ukuba umoya okufutshane nomqulu wefilimu unokufikelela kwi-convection esebenzayo;③ umphezulu ojikajikayo Isiphumo sobushushu ekunyangeni: Kukho inkqubo ethile yokudluliselwa kobushushu, nokuba iimeko zokunyanga zefilim ehlanganisiweyo engundoqo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno.(Oku kunokuba ngumba ophambili kumgangatho ongangqinelaniyo.)
D. inkqubo yokwenza ingxowa
Amandla okutywinwa kobushushu bebhegi ebilisiweyo angcono, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, umgangatho webhetshi yonke uyafuneka ukuba uzinze, njengale: ① akukho nto yasekuhlaleni yokutywinwa embi;② akukho nto imbi yokutywina kuyo yonke ibhetshi.
Xa usenza iingxowa zokupakisha ezibilisiweyo, nikela ingqalelo kula manqaku alandelayo:
① Phantsi kwemeko yokuqinisekisa ukubonakala kokutywinwa, seta iqondo lobushushu elithe kratya kancinci ukunqanda isenzeko sokungazinzi komgangatho wokutywinwa kobushushu okubangelwa kukutenxa kobunzima befilimu edibeneyo.
② Ngexesha lemveliso eqhelekileyo, ukutywinwa komphetho kufuneka kuqinisekise amaxesha amathathu asebenzayo okutywinwa kobushushu.Xa umatshini ucinyiwe kwaye uphinde uvulwe kwakhona, umphezulu wenxalenye ethe yacinezelwa kube kanye okanye kabini unokupholiswa xa uvulwa kwakhona (uxinzelelo lokuqala olushushu lunokudlala kuphela indima yokufudumeza), kwaye Inani lokwenene lokutywinwa kobushushu obusebenzayo liphindwe kabini kuphela Ke ngoko, kukwayimfuneko ukuseta ubushushu obuphezulu bokutywinwa kobushushu (ukutywinwa kobushushu kunokuba kuhle emva kwamaxesha amabini oxinzelelo olushushu), ukuze kuthintelwe inani elincinci lokutywinwa okungalunganga. into xa umatshini ucinyiwe kwaye emva koko uvuliwe.
③Uninzi lweengxowa ezibilisiweyo zipakishwe elulwelo, ezifuna ukuchasana nokulahla okuphezulu kweengxowa zokupakisha.Kuphephe ukucuthwa ngaphantsi komphetho ovalwe ngobushushu ngexesha lokwenziwa kweengxowa, ngakumbi ungqameko lwemela yokutywina ubushushu akufuneki ubukhali kakhulu, kwaye kufuneka ukhutshelwe okanye upolishwe ngokufanelekileyo..
E. Iimfuno zovavanyo
1. Ukumelwa kweSampuli
①Xa isampulu yokuqala iqinisekisiwe, ubuninzi besampulu enye eqhubekayo kufuneka igqume ubude bazo zonke iimela zokutywina, ukuze kuthintelwe ngokusebenzayo isenzeko sokutywinwa okulambathayo kunye nokuhlolwa okuphosiweyo.
②Isampula kukuthatha iisampulu emva kokuba ukulungiswa kuqhelekile, lungisa ubushushu bokutywinwa kobushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nesantya somatshini, kwaye uqinisekise kwakhona emva kokutshintsha umqulu wefilimu.
2. Ukusebenza kokufunyanwa kokuqina kwetywina lobushushu kunye nendlela yokugweba
①Indlela echanekileyo kukusika umphetho ovaliweyo wobushushu wengxowa ibe ngumtya omncinci we-20-30mm kwaye uyikrazule kwicala le-perpendicular kumgca wokutywina.
②Akufunekanga kubekho isenzeko sokuba ububanzi obungaphezulu kwe-2mm bunokukrazulwa ngaphakathi kumphetho wokutywina.Ngaphandle koko, amandla afanelekile ngexesha lovavanyo kumatshini, kodwa umaleko wokutywinwa kobushushu awudityaniswanga ngokupheleleyo, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwamandla okutywinwa ngexesha lokubilisa kunye nesenzeko sokuqhekeka kwengxowa ngenxa yokubilisa.Xa ibhegi ikhutshiwe kwi-interface phakathi kwemigangatho emibini yangaphakathi ye-PE kumda wokutywina emva kokubiliswa emanzini, yingxaki yokuba umphetho wokutywina ubushushu awunamandla.
3. Amanqaku aphambili ovavanyo lokubilisa
(1) Indlela yokwenza isampuli
① Emva kokuba umatshini wokuvavanya webhegi yokupakisha ebilisiweyo uqhelekile, umhloli uya kukhetha ngokungakhethiyo nangokuqhubekayo iingxowa ezininzi zesampulu kumqolo ngamnye kwingxowa yomatshini wovavanyo (inani leesampuli ezifunekayo ukuvala ubude bemela yokutywina), emva koko aphathe. ngaphandle kovavanyo lokubilisa emva kokuba uvalwe ngamanzi.
②Xa usenza isampuli ngaphezu kwengxowa enye, sebenzisa isiphawuli ukuphawula ngokucacileyo ingxowa kunye nezalathiso zasekhohlo nasekunene ukuze uqonde ngokuchanekileyo indawo yemela yokutywina apho ukutywinwa kobushushu kungaqini.
③ Xa iimeko zenkqubo yesiqhelo yemveliso zitshintsha kakhulu, njengesantya somatshini, uhlengahlengiso lobushushu, njl.njl., kuyimfuneko ukuphinda isampuli yovavanyo lokubilisa.
④ Emva kweshifti nganye, ukuphinda kuthathwe iisampulu ukuze kubiliswe uvavanyo lokusebenza.
⑤Yahlula kwaye ujongane neemveliso ezingafanelekanga ezifunyenwe kwinkqubo ngexesha.
(2) Iimeko zovavanyo
①Faka i-1/3 ukuya kwi-1/2 umthamo wamanzi kwingxowa yokupakisha, kwaye uzame ukukhupha umoya xa utywina.Ukuba umoya omninzi uvalelwe, kulula ukubangela ukugwetywa.I-lid yongezwa ngexesha lovavanyo lokubilisa ukunyusa kancinane uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwesikhwama.
②Ixesha lokubilisa lixhomekeke kwimiqathango yokusetyenziswa komthengi, okanye ngokwemigangatho yovavanyo efanelekileyo.
(3) Umgangatho wovavanyo lwesiqinisekiso
① Akukho mibimbi yonke okanye inxenye kunye nokonakala kumphezulu webhegi;amandla exolo abonwa ngokuva isandla emva kokubilisa.
② I-inki yokushicilela ayinakujika kwebala okanye ukopha;
③ Akukho kuvuza kunye nokwaphuka kwengxowa;akukho nto icacileyo edge edge kumda wokutywina (ububanzi bomphetho obalekayo bulawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-2mm).
Ixesha lokuposa: May-05-2022